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Dieses Fachbuch befasst sich eingehend mit dem Thema der internationalen Vertragsgestaltung, insbesondere in mittelständischen Unternehmen. Die richtige Vertragsgestaltung ist essentiell für die erfolgreiche Geschäftsabwicklung und erfordert speziell bei grenzüberschreitenden Verträgen, bei denen erschwerende Faktoren wie unterschiedliche Rechtsauffassungen eine wichtige Rolle spielen, ein fundiertes Know-how. Die Autoren sind Experten auf dem Gebiet der internationalen Vertragsgestaltung und vermitteln gut strukturierte und praxisbezogene Hilfestellungen für die internationale Vertragsgestaltung. Musterverträge und Export-Checklisten, welche eine schnelle und effiziente Einarbeitung in die jeweilige Problematik erlauben, runden dieses Werk ab. Ein nützliches und verständlich geschriebenes Nachschlagewerk nicht nur für Exportleiter und ihre Mitarbeiter, sondern für alle, die mehr über das komplexe Thema internationale Vertragsgestaltung erfahren wollen. Der Inhalt Der Kaufvertrag Der Handelsvertretervertrag Der Vertragshändlervertrag Checklisten Die Autoren Hatto Brenner ist seit ca. 30 Jahren selbständiger Exportberater und verfügt über Praxiserfahrungen beim Auf-und Ausbau von internationalen Geschäftsaktivitäten als Berater, Seminarleiter und Buchautor. Dr. Matthias Zillmer ist selbständiger Rechtsanwalt und Notar in den Bereichen deutsches und internationales Vertrags- und Handelsrecht, Investitionsgüter, Schiffbau und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Dr. Michael Berger, Jurist, hat langjährige Erfahrung im Beratungsmanagement international tätiger Unternehmen mit den Schwerpunkten Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftsrecht, Risikomanagement im Zusammenhang mit internationalen Verträgen, Strategieentwicklung sowie dem Beratungsmanagement im Export.
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The main result of Meese and Rogoff [1983 a,b] is that small structural exchange rate models forecast major dollar exchange rates no better than a naive random walk model. This result obtains even when the model forecasts are based on actual realized values of the explanatory variables. Here we improve our methodology by implementing a new test of out-of-sample fit; the test is valid even for overlapping long-horizon forecasts. We find that the dollar exchange rate models perform somewhat less badly over the recent Reagan regime period than over the episodes studied previously. The methodology is also applied to the mark/yen and mark/pound exchange rates, and to real exchange rates. Finally, we test to see if real exchange rates and real interest differentials can be represented as a cointegrated process. The evidence suggests that there is no single common influence inducing nonstationarity in both real exchange rates and real interest differentials.
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This paper studies exchange rate behavior in models with moving long-run equilibria incorporating alternative price-adjustment mechanisms.The paper demonstrates that price-adjustment rules proposed by Mussa andby Barro and Grossman yield models that are empirically indistinguishable from each other. For speeds of goods-market adjustment that are "too fast," the Barro-Grossman rule appears to induce instability; but we argue that when the ruleis interpreted properly, models incorporating it are dynamically stable regardless of the speed at which disequilibriumis eliminated. The Barro-Grossman pricing scheme is shown to be a natural generalization, to a setting of moving long-run equilibria, of less versatile schemes proposed in earlier literature on exchange rate dynamics.
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China is a relatively minor source of FDI into Singapore and pales in comparison to FDI from advanced economies in North America and the EU. This will remain the case for the foreseeable future despite recent agreements facilitating Chinese firms and capital entering into Singapore, and which reduce the transaction costs of doing so. Firms from China are also a relatively small investor in the critical Singaporean Financial & Insurance Services sector. When it comes to the foreign portfolio investment (FPI) which helps provide liquidity and capital for Singaporean listed firms, China is a miniscule player. Assets of Chinese banks make up a very small percentage of the assets of the very open banking sector in Singapore. The bottom line is that Singapore's standing and status as one of the worlds leading and most attractive financial centres prevents Singapore from being over-reliant on any one financial partner; and Singapore is certainly not over-reliant on China.
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During the colonial period, Laos welcomed the smallest overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia, communities that almost disappeared after the communist forces seized power in Laos in 1975. Yet, this landlocked country shares a long history with China and even experienced a Golden Age thanks to the thriving caravan trade between Yunnan and mainland Southeast Asia. The Greater Mekong Subregion programme, launched by the ADB, has revitalized these historical trade routes, causing thousands of Chinese migrants to pour onto the new roads of Laos, channelled through the North-South Economic Corridor linking Kunming to Bangkok. The growing link between Laos and China has alarmed many scholars and development workers, both Lao and foreign; some even speak of a Chinese "shadow state" threatening Lao sovereignty and territorial integrity. It is necessary to go beyond the image of Laos regularly depicted as a weak state, a victim of globalization, and of China in particular, to consider a less passive posture. This paper argues that China's growing presence is far from eroding the power of the Lao communist regime. Instead, Chinese engagement allows the Lao state to cope with the challenges of globalization and to maintain its power at the same time. The paper will highlight Chinese engagement in Laos throughout history by emphasizing their recurrent patterns of intermediation. Then, it will describe how Chinese networks have become key partners of the Lao state's development policies. However, rising uncertainties over the neighbouring communist ally's economic potential may push China to revise its development strategy in Laos.
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Der große Chinaboom ist angesagt. Können wir Japan deshalb vergessen? Wohl kaum. Japan erholt sich von seiner Stagnationskrise. Sein Markt wird noch lange sieben Mal größer sein als der Chinas. Dieses Buch schildert die historischen und strukturellen Grundlagen der japanischen Wirtschaft, die Organisation der Keiretsu-Konzerngruppen, die Verflechtung mit der Politik und den Ministerien, die Sozialbeziehungen in der Wirtschaft, die Vertriebssysteme und die Grundlagen des japanischen Managements in der Personalführung, der Entscheidungsfindung und in den Kanban-Systemen der Produktion. Firmengeschichten, Branchenberichte und Regionalportraits veranschaulichen diese Einsichten. Schließlich gibt das Buch wertvolle Tipps zum richtigen Sozialverhalten für Ausländer im japanischen Wirtschaftsleben und zum interkulturellen Dialog mit Japanern.
Management. --- International economics. --- Management. --- International Economics.
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Empirische Studien über das Verhalten von Wertpapierpreisen haben einige der zugunsten der Efficient Market Hypothesis geführten Beweise widerlegt. Die Coherent Market Hypothesis (CMH) stellt ein alternatives Beschreibungsmodell der Finanzmärkte zur Verfügung, welches behavioristisch motivierte Abweichungen vom effizienten Ideal erlaubt. Auf der Basis einer neuen dynamischen Interpretation der CMH entwickelt Jochen Veith zwei Modellvarianten zur Bewertung derivativer Wertpapiere: ein allgemeines Gleichgewichtsmodell mit endogener Bestimmung des lokal risikolosen Zinsprozesses sowie ein partielles Gleichgewichtsmodell mit exogenem Zinssatz. Anhand numerischer Analysen veranschaulicht der Autor die Preiseffekte, die sich bei der Bewertung von Plain-Vanilla-Optionen sowie einigen pfadabhängigen exotischen Optionen ergeben.
International economics. --- Finance. --- International Economics. --- Finance, general.
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This paper studies the impact of deep agreements on United Kingdom-European Union trade relations. A standard gravity model is applied to assess the effect that European Union membership had on the United Kingdom's trade. The paper uses new information on the content of trade agreements to build a measure of "depth" based on the number of provisions the agreements cover. The analysis relies on information on goods, services, and value-added trade from the World Input Output Database. Deep trade agreements are found to increase goods and services trade by 42 percent, and value-added trade by 14 percent on average. European Union membership had a particularly strong effect on United Kingdom's services and global value chain trade. Because of its membership, the United Kingdom's services trade more than doubled, and the country's backward and forward participation in global value chains increased by more than 30 percent each. The paper uses these estimates to evaluate the future of United Kingdom-European Union trade under different scenarios. The findings show that United Kingdom-European Union trade declines under all scenarios, ranging between 6 and 28 percent for trade in value added. This drop is sharper (particularly for services and global value chain trade) the lower is the depth of the future arrangement relative to the depth of the European Union agreement. As trade flows adjust slowly to changes in trade costs, these effects are expected to emerge over time. But the trade-off between the depth of trade agreements and trade intensity will delimit policy choices going forward.
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This paper assesses issues relating to tariffs and nontariff measures (NTMs) in relation to Russia's World Trade Organization (WTO) and Eurasian Customs Union (ECU) commitments. The analysis finds that full implementation of Russia's WTO tariff schedule through 2020, would raise goods imports by about USD 3.5 billion (1.1 percent) compared to 2012, with estimates of welfare gains to Russian consumers equal to approximately USD 370 million. Russian exports to members of the ECU, primarily Kazakhstan, would increase by an estimated USD 194 million, measured against a 2008 baseline. The impact of NTMs in Russia and the ECU, though difficult to quantify, is potentially more important for the market than tariff changes, because of the significant divergence between the historical GOST standards and standards prevailing in most of Russia's trading partners. Formation of the ECU and its associated bodies in 2010 has tended to perpetuate regional methods of standard setting, and by extension NTM policies, that are closely aligned with older models.
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